The best-known sect of
first century Judaism today are the Pharisees. We see them frequently
throughout the Gospels as they question and oppose Jesus seemingly everywhere
he goes. I think we often get the impression that the Pharisees represent the
entirety of first century Jewish thought and theology, but in truth they only
comprised roughly 10% of the Jewish world.
The Pharisees were purists above all else. They believed
in a strict devotion to the Law of Moses and that all Jews should obey it to
the letter. They despised what they saw as the current corruption of the Temple
and the priesthood, emphasizing personal obedience to the Law above meeting the
requirements of the Temple. They were looking for a Messiah who would cleanse
the Temple, restore the authority of the Law of Moses, and bring about a golden
age of Judah.
This purity of devotion to the Law was why the Pharisees
were so against Gentiles and “sinners.” It is also why it is the Pharisees more
than anyone who harassed Jesus with questions about the Law and hounded him
for, in their opinion, not following it. People were claiming that this Jesus
was the Messiah, but to them this was impossible. How could Jesus be the
Messiah, when he healed on the Sabbath and ate with sinners? That was breaking
the Law!
The Pharisees were right in their expectation and desire
to see more obedience to what God had said. However, they missed the point of
obedience. God doesn’t want people to obey for the sake of obeying, but out of
love for God and others. Jesus indeed called for obedience, but it was an
obedience grounded in love and mercy.
Today we still are tempted to follow the path of the
Pharisees. We look for rules to follow and try to define who is “pure” and who
isn’t. We want Jesus to be the Judge but not the Shepherd who chases down the
one lost sheep no matter the cost. Jesus calls us to be obedient to God, but he
also calls us to be light and love to everyone.
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